Abstract
A microcontroller is a computer on a chip emphasizing high integration and low power consumption. In this paper a detailed study of the PIC (Programmable Intelligent Computer) microcontrollers has been presented. It includes history of microcontrollers, different types and their features. The technological developments concerning data size, stacks, core devices, etc. are dealt at length.
1. Introduction
In recent years, microcontrollers are used in most electronic equipments for controlling many processes and have become indispensible. A microcontroller (also called MCU or µC) is a computer-on-a-chip. It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing high integration, low power consumption, self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC). In addition to the usual arithmetic and logic elements of a general purpose microprocessor, the microcontroller typically integrates additional elements such as read-write memory for data storage, read-only memory, such as flash for code storage, EEPROM for permanent data storage, peripheral devices, and input/output interfaces. Microcontrollers are frequently used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, cell phones, calculators and toys. By reducing the size, cost, and
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