ABSTRACT
A Digital Signal Processor is a special-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit) that provides ultra-fast instruction sequences, such as shift and add, and multiply and add, which are commonly used in math-intensive signal processing applications.
DSPs are not the same as typical microprocessors though. Microprocessors are typically general purpose devices that run large blocks of software. They are not often called upon for real-time computation and they work at a slower pace, choosing a course of action, then waiting to finish the present job before responding to the next user command. A DSP, on the other hand, is often used as a type of embedded controller or processor that is built into another piece of equipment and is dedicated to a single group of tasks. In this environment, the DSP assists the general purpose host microprocessor.
Because different applications have varying ranges of frequencies, different DSPs are required. DSPs are classified by their dynamic range, the spread of numbers that must be processed in the course of an application. This number is a function of the processor's data width (the number of bits it manipulates) and the type of arithmetic it performs (fixed or floating point). For example, a 32-bit processor has a wider dynamic range than a 24-bit processor, which has a wider range than 16-bit processor. Floating-point chips have wider ranges than fixed-point devices.
Each type of processor is suited for a particular range of applications. Sixteen-bit fixed-point DSPs are used for voice-grade systems such as phones, since they work with a relatively narrow range of sound frequencies. Hi-fidelity stereo sound has a wider range, calling for a 16-bit ADC (Analog/Digital Converter), and a 24-bit fixed point DSP. Image processing, 3-D graphics and scientific simulations have a much wider dynamic range and require a 32-bit floating-point processor.
DSP chips are used in sound cards, fax machines, modems, cellular phones, high-capacity hard disks and digital TVs. According to Texas Instruments, DSPs are used as the engine in 70% of the world's digital cellular phones, and with the increase in wireless applications, this number will only increase. Digital signal processing is used in many fields including biomedicine, sonar, radar, seismology, speech and music processing, imaging and communications
According to Forward Concepts, the market for DSP chips is growing at twice the rate of the semiconductor industry as a whole. They predict that over the next few years the digital signal processing business will increase by 33% annually, leading to…………….So on ..........(download any of the following links to get complete paper presentation in word document)
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